مشاهدة : 1099
تحقيق صيني فوري بأول ولادة لطفلين معدلين جينيا
أطلقت السلطات الصينية تحقيقا في عملية "هندسة جينية" أجريت على البشر، نجم عنها ولادة طفلتين معدلتين جينيا، في خطوة أثارت موجة عضب وإدانة دولية.
وكان العالم الصيني، هي جيانكوي، قد أعلن أنه قام بتعديل الحمض النووي لطفلتين توأم ولدتا في نوفمبر الماضي، مشيرا إلى أنه استخدم أداة جديدة في إعادة كتابة الشفرة الوراثية للتوأمين قبل ولادتهما.
وأمرت هيئة الصحة الوطنية في الصين بإجراء "تحقيق فوري" في هذه العملية، خاصة وأن العالم لم يقدم أي أدلة تثبت إجراءه العملية، كما لم يكشف عن أية تفاصيل متعلقة بهوية الطفلتين، وفق ما ذكرت صحيفة "الغارديان" البريطانية، الثلاثاء.
وأوضح هي أنه قام بإجراء تعديلات جينية لأجنة 7 نساء أثناء علاجهن بالتخصيب، وأنجبت إحداهن حتى الآن.
وأشار إلى أن ما قام به لم يكن شكلا من أشكال العلاج أو الوقاية من مرض وراثي، وإنما محاولة منح صفة لا تتوافر بصورة طبيعية إلا في قلة من الناس، وهي القدرة على مقاومة الأمراض المعدية المستقبلية، مثل مرض أو فيروس الإيدز.
ورفض العالم الكشف عن والدي المولدتين المعدلتين وراثيا، كما رفض الكشف عن مكان إقامتهما أو العيادة أو المستشفى الذي نفذ فيه التعديل الجيني.
ولا يوجد أي تأكيد من جهة مستقلة لصحة ما قام به، كما أنه لم يتم نشره في دورية علمية محكمة بحيث يمكن لخبراء وعلماء آخرين الحكم على صحتها أو دقتها.
غير أن الطبيب كشف عما أنجزه، في هونغ كونغ، لواحد من منظمي المؤتمر الدولي لهندسة الجينات، كما قام بذلك خلال مقابلة سابقة مع وكالة "أسوشييتد برس".
وخلال المقابلة، قال العالم الصيني: "أشعر بمسؤوليات جسام، ذلك أن الأمر لم يجر لكي أكون أول من يقوم بذلك فحسب، بل لكي أجعله نموذجا ومثالا.. والمجتمع هو من سيقرر الخطوة التالية.. أي أن يسمح باستمرار هذا العلم أو منعه".
أما العالم الأميركي، الذي شارك في هذا التعديل الجيني بصورة جزئية، فهو أستاذ الهندسة البيولوجية والطبيب، مايكل ديم، وهو عضو الهيئة الاستشارية العلمية في شركتين تابعتين للعالم الصيني جيانكوي.
وقد أثارت هذه الخطوة غضب الأوساط العلمية في مختلفة أنحاء العالم، خاصة وأنها تعتبر بمثابة "تجرب على البشر"، وهي خطوة ممنوعة قانونيا في العديد من الدول.
وأكدت جامعة الجنوب للعلوم والتكنولوجيا، حيث كان هي يعمل، أن العالم كان في إجازة غير مدفوعة منذ فبراير الماضي، لافتة إلى أنه لم يجر أبحاثه المتعلقة بالهندسة الوراثية داخل حرم الجامعة.
أما جامعة "رايس" في الولايات المتحدة، فقد أعلنت أنها ستجري تحقيقا بشأن مشاركة بروفيسور الفيزياء، ديم، في هذه الاختبارات.
وأضافت في بيان: "بغض النظر عن المكان الذي أجري فيه هذا العمل، فإنه وكما تم وصفه في التقارير الإعلامية، ينتهك قواعد السلوك العلمي، ويتعارض مع المعايير الأخلاقية الخاصة بالمجتمع العلمي وبجامعة رايس".
كيف تمت عملية التعديل الجيني؟
تبدأ عملية التعديل الجيني أو الهندسة الجينية في المختبر أثناء عملية الإخصاب الأولى مخبريا، وذلك بفرز الحيوان المنوي لعزله عن السائل العضوي الذي تفرزه الخصيتين، وهو السائل الذي يمكن أن يوجد فيه فيروس الإيدز.
ويتم حقن حيوان منوي في بويضة أنثوية واحدة لتلقيحها من أجل تكون الجنين، ثم تتم إضافة أداة التحرير الجيني، حسب ما ذكرت وكالة أسوشييتد برس.
وعندما يبلغ الجنين 3-5 أيام، تتم إزالة بعض الخلايا وفحصها من أجل تعديلها، ويمكن للزوجين عند هذه المرحلة الاختيار بين الجنين المعدل وراثيا أو غير المعدل في محاولة التلقيح الصناعي والحمل.
وتم استخدام 16 جنينا معدلا وراثيا من أصل 22، واستخدمت 11 بويضة ملقحة في 6 عمليات زراعة في الرحم، قبل أن تتحقق ولادة التوأمين المعدلين وراثيا.
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