مشاهدة : 2045
دراسة تكشف علاقة تسوس أسنان الأطفال بالجينات الوراثية
خلصت دراسة أجريت على توائم في أستراليا، إلى أن العوامل البيئية تبدو مسؤولة بشكل أكبر من الجينات عن إصابة أسنان الأطفال بالتسوس.
ولإجراء الدراسة، تابع الباحثون 345 من التوائم منذ مرحلة الحمل عند 24 أسبوعا، حتى بلوغهم 6 سنوات، حيث خضعوا جميعا لفحص الأسنان.
وبوصولهم لسن السادسة أصيب 32 بالمئة من الأطفال بالتسوس، بينما أصيب 24 بالمئة بتجاويف في الأسنان.
ولمعرفة مدى تأثير الجينات الوراثية في احتمالات الإصابة بالتسوس، فحص الباحثون نسبة تكرار إصابة التوائم المتطابقة في المجموعة، وبالتالي لديهما ذات الخريطة الجينية، مقارنة بالتوائم غير المتطابقة التي يشترك الطفلان فيها في العادة في نصف خريطة الجينات.
وخلص الباحثون إلى أن احتمالات إصابة طفلين توأمين، متطابقين أو غير متطابقين، بالتسوس وتجاويف الأسنان كانت متساوية تقريبا، بما يشير إلى أن الجينات لا تفسر الكثير فيما يتعلق بصحة الفم والأسنان.
وقالت كبيرة الباحثين في الدراسة ميهيري سيلفا من جامعة ملبورن لـ"رويترز": "بناء على ذلك تعتبر العوامل المؤثرة بيئية في أغلبها ويمكن تعديلها. هذا قد يدحض فكرة أن الأفراد مقدر لهم جينيا أن تكون أسنانهم ضعيفة ويدفعنا للتوصل إلى طرق لمعالجة عوامل الخطر التي نعلم أنها مهمة لصحة الإنسان".
وأشار الباحثون في الدراسة التي نشرت في دورية طب الأطفال "بدياتركس" إلى أن ما يتراوح بين 60 إلى 90 بالمئة من الأطفال في سن المدرسة حول العالم يعانون تسوس الأسنان، مما قد يتسبب في ألم والتهاب ودخولهم للمستشفى.
ويمكن أيضا لألم الأسنان أن يتسبب في الغياب عن المدرسة وسوء التغذية، بما يؤثر سلبا على نمو وتطور الأطفال، ويؤثر سلبا أيضا على جودة حياة الأطفال والآباء على السواء.
كما أضاف فريق الدراسة أن صحة الأسنان في الطفولة أقوى مؤشر على صحتها لدى البالغين.
وبدا أن 3 عوامل بيئية لها تأثير على زيادة احتمالات الإصابة بالتسوس والتجاويف، وهي السمنة لدى الأم، والعيوب في مينا الأسنان، وقلة المياه المعالجة بالفلوريد.
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