مشاهدة : 2077

لغز فلكي جديد.. كيف وصل ‘الصدأ’ إلى سطح القمر؟

لغز فلكي جديد.. كيف وصل ‘الصدأ’ إلى سطح القمر؟


وصل العلماء إلى خلاصة تبدو غريبة: وجود "صدأ" على سطح القمر، بل إن هذا الصدأ يزداد.

يعود سبب الغرابة في هذه الخلاصة إلى أن الصدأ حتى يتم، فهو بحاجة إلى عنصرين أساسيين: الماء والأكسجين.

وأفادت شبكة "سي إن إن " الإخبارية الأميركية، بأن العلماء توصلوا إلى وجود دليل يثبت ذلك.

ودار المسبار الهندي "شاندريان1" حول القمر عام 2008، وجمع بيانات أفضت إلى العديد من الاكتشافات في السنوات التالية، بما في ذلك اكتشاف جزئيات الماء على سطحه.

وكان في المسبار تقنية صممتها إدارة الطيران والفضاء الأميركية (ناسا)، بوسعها تحليل التركيب المعدني للقمر.

وعندما حلل باحثون من "ناسا" ومعهد هاواي للجيوفيزياء بيانات المسبار، ذهلوا عندما لاحظوا إشارات عن وجود "الهيماتايت"، وهو شكل من أشكال أكسيد الحديد المعروف باسم الصدأ.

وقال الباحثون إن هناك كميات كبيرة من الصخور الغنية بالحديد على القمر، لكن الصدأ لا ينتج إلا عندما يتعرض الحديد للأكسجين والماء.

وذكرت الباحثة في "ناسا" أبيغيل فريمان:" في البداية، لم أصدق ذلك تماما، فمن المفروض ألا يكون الصدأ موجودا في القمر وفقا لظروفه".

ولا يقتصر الأمر على خلو القمر من الهواء، بل إن سطحه مغمور بالهيدروجين الذين يتدفق من الشمس وتحمله إليه الرياح الشمسية.

وينتج الصدأ عندما يزيل الأكسجين الإلكترونات من الحديد، لكن الهيدروجين يقوم بالعكس، إذ يضيف الإلكترونات، الأمر الذي يعني صعوبة تكوّن الصدأ.

وقال المؤلف الرئيسي في الدراسة التي نشرت في مجلة "ساينس أدفانس"، شواي لي: "إنه أمر محير للغاية، فالقمر بيئة عسيرة للهيماتايت".

وبعد أشهر من البحث المتواصل، تمكن لي ومعه زملاؤه في "ناسا"، من الوصول إلى نظرية مفادها أن الأمر يرتبط بكوكب الأرض.

ويقول هؤلاء إن الصدأ كان موجودا في جانب القمر الأقرب إلى الأرض، مما يشير إلى أنه مرتبط بطريقة ما بالأرض.

وأوضحوا أن الأرض محاطة بمجال مغناطيسي ورياح شمسية تفضي إلى تشكل ذيل مغناطسي طويل، يدخل فيه القمر لمدة 3 أيام قبل اكتماله، ويستغرق الأمر 6 أيام لعبور الذيل والخروج من الجانب الآخر.

وخلال هذه الفترة، يغمر الذيل المغناطسي القمر بالإلكترونات، وقد يستقر عليه غبار الهيماتايت، في فرضية يرى العلماء أنها يمكن أن تكون سببا لظهور الصدأ على سطح القمر.

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