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بعد حصد جائزة نوبل.. حقائق عن ‘مفاجأة 2020’

بعد حصد جائزة نوبل.. حقائق عن ‘مفاجأة 2020’


شكّل فوز برنامج الغذاء العالمي، الجمعة، بجائزة نوبل للسلام، مفاجأة بالنسبة إلى كثيرين، ذلك أنه لم يكن ضمن أبرز المرشحين التي كانت توقعات سابقة تخمن فوزهم، فما هو برنامج الغذاء العالمي؟ وكيف يعمل؟

وتأسس البرنامج التابع للأمم المتحدة، في عام 1961 بناء على طلب الرئيس الأميركي الراحل دوايت أيزنهاور.

وبدأ برنامج الغذاء العالمي كتجربة لمعرفة ما إذا كان بإمكان منظومة الأمم المتحدة تقديم مساعدات غذائية، وكانت أولى عملياته للإغاثة من الكوارث هي المساعدة بعد الزلزال الذي ضرب إيران في عام 1962، وفق "رويترز"

أكبر منظمة إنسانية

وبدأ العمل بصفة دائمة في عام 1965 ويصف نفسه بأنه أكبر منظمة إنسانية في العالم، تكرس جهودها من أجل "إنقاذ الأرواح في حالات الطوارئ، وبناء الرخاء ودعم مستقبل مستدام للأشخاص الذين يتعافون من النزاعات والكوارث وتأثيرات تغير المناخ".

وذكرت لجنة جائزة نوبل في مؤتمر بمقرها في العاصمة النرويجية، أوسلو، أنها منحت البرنامج جائزة نوبل للسلام، تقديرا لجهوده في مكافحة الجوع وتحسين ظروف السلام في المناطق المتضررة من الصراع.

أرقام ضخمة

ويقول البرنامج إنه يدير 5600 شاحنة و30 سفينة وما يقرب من 100 طائرة يوميا تقدم الطعام وغيره من المساعدات. وفي عام 2019، ساعد 97 مليون شخص، وهو أكبر رقم منذ عام 2012، في 88 دولة.

وأثناء جائحة كورونا، أرسلت الخدمات اللوجستية لبرنامج الأغذية العالمي شحنات طبية إلى أكثر من 120 دولة.

كما قدمت خدمات الركاب لنقل العاملين في المجال الإنساني والصحة في وقت كانت الرحلات الجوية التجارية فيه غير متوفرة.

وفي عام 1989، نفذ البرنامج ما وصفه بأنه أكبر عملية إنزال جوي لإمدادات إنسانية في التاريخ. إذ قامت 20 طائرة شحن بثلاث طلعات جوية يوميا لنقل 1.5 مليون طن من المواد الغذائية كجزء من عملية شريان الحياة للسودان، والتي تعاونت فيها وكالات الأمم المتحدة ومنظمات غير حكومية للتخفيف من حدة المجاعة التي سببتها الحرب الأهلية.

تمويل البرنامج

ويعتمد تمويل البرنامج على التبرعات، خاصة من الحكومات وأيضا من الشركات والجهات المانحة الخاصة. في عام 2019 جمع ثمانية مليارات دولار.

ويدير البرنامج مجلس تنفيذي يضم 36 عضوا ويعمل به 90 ألف موظف، 90 بالمئة منهم تقريبا يعملون في البلدان التي يقدم فيها البرنامج المساعدة.

وعادة ما يكون المدير التنفيذي للبرنامج من الولايات المتحدة. والرئيس الحالي هو ديفيد بيزلي، وهو سياسي جمهوري رشحته إدارة الرئيس دونالد ترامب ويشغل المنصب منذ أبريل 2017.

وبرنامج الأغذية العالمي هو واحد من ثلاث منظمات مساعدات غذائية تابعة للأمم المتحدة ومقرها روما. والهيئتان الشقيقتان له هما منظمة الأغذية والزراعة (فاو) والصندوق الدولي للتنمية الزراعية (إيفاد).

ويقول البرنامج إنه يتعامل حاليا مع 6 حالات طوارئ غذائية إلى جانب جائحة كورونا.

وتقع هذه الحالات في جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية وشمال شرق نيجيريا ومنطقة الساحل في أفريقيا وجنوب السودان وسوريا واليمن.

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